Surface charge density (σ), defined as the charge per unit area, plays a crucial role in determining the electric field (E) near a charged plate. The electric field is directly proportional to the surface charge density and inversely proportional to the material’s permittivity (ε). This relationship enables us to calculate the surface charge density of a plate by measuring the electric field strength in its vicinity. By considering the plate’s dimensions and permittivity, we can determine the distribution and magnitude of charge on the plate’s surface, providing valuable insights into the electrostatic properties of the system.