Phagocytosis, a crucial immune function, is the process by which cells engulf and destroy microorganisms. The term derives from the Greek words “phago” (to eat) and “cytosis” (cell), reflecting the key role of phagocytic cells (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils) in removing pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Phagocytosis involves a series of coordinated steps, including chemotaxis, opsonization, adhesion, engulfment, and digestion, ensuring the efficient removal of foreign or harmful substances from the body. Dysregulation of phagocytosis can lead to various diseases, highlighting its clinical significance, while ongoing research continues to explore its complex mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications.
