Onychomycosis, a common fungal infection of the nails, is caused by various pathogens like dermatophytes, yeasts, and non-dermatophytic molds. Risk factors include thickened nails, age, and weakened immunity. Symptoms include nail discoloration, brittleness, and separation. Diagnosis involves physical examination, culture, and microscopy. Treatment options range from topical and oral antifungals to laser therapy and surgical removal. Differential diagnoses include psoriasis and nail lichenification. Prevention measures include foot hygiene, proper footwear, and prompt treatment of athlete’s foot.
