Monarchy involves a sovereign ruler (king or queen) holding hereditary power. Historically, kings ruled with absolute authority, while queens played specific roles. Today, monarchies range from absolute to constitutional, with the latter limiting royal power through democratic principles. Succession laws have evolved, with some countries allowing female rulers, challenging traditional gender roles and expectations within monarchies. Modern monarchies balance tradition with democratic values, and public opinion plays a significant role in shaping the image and support of royal figures.