The kilogram (kg), microgram (µg), gram (g), and milligram (mg) are metric units of mass. 1 kg = 1,000 g, 1 g = 1,000 mg, and 1 mg = 1,000 µg. These units are vital in various fields: medicine (drug dosage), chemistry (chemical quantification), food and nutrition (nutritional content), and environmental science (pollution monitoring). Understanding their relationships and relative sizes is essential for accurate measurement and interpretation of data in these fields.