Imagine a vehicle’s braking system as a representation of the cell cycle. Cancer cells resemble a malfunctioning car brake where cell cycle checkpoints (brake pads) fail to prevent mutations (damaged brake pedal). Oncogenes (gas pedal) accelerate cancer growth while tumor suppressor genes (brake pedal) try to inhibit it. Metastasis occurs when cancer cells break through roadblocks and spread like a car that’s out of control. Cancer treatments, from radiation to immunotherapy, aim to repair the brakes and stop the uncontrolled growth, paving the way for advancements in precision medicine and the ongoing battle against cancer.